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The characteristic 67 nm periodicity of gap zones was not observed on the mineralized fibril, but became apparent and increasingly pronounced with continuous demineralization.
It also determined that this arrangement continues through the gap region, despite the absence of one collagen molecule at this location and the fact that each of the four molecular segments adopts a unique conformation within the gap zones [50].
These nano-aggregates of ACP are thought to form flowable nano-precursors which can infiltrate the water filled gap zones in dentinal collagen fibrils, where they precipitate as polyelectrolyte-stabilized apatite nano-crystals [49].
This analog is usually a polyphosphate molecule, such as sodium metaphosphate, which acts as an apatite template, encouraging crystalline alignment in the gap zones [53], leading to a hierarchical dentin remineralization [50].
The 67 nm periodicity (corresponding to one D-period) stems from the staggered arrangement of collagen molecules in a given fibril, where the staggered spaces between the ends of successive collagen molecules yield the so-called gap zones and the areas where multiple molecules are superimposed represent the overlap zone (Fig. 1).
In an electron micrographic depiction of this model the so-called "gap zones" represent the region at the end of the short segment M5, whereas the lighter bands represent the areas where all five segments are present, and correspond to the "overlap zones".
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We characterize the lap joint using scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation, exploring potential variations in structure and mechanical properties within the parent material, overlap zone, and gap zone.
Our results showed that as a consequence of changing the fraction factor, at normal incidence, photonic band gap zone, flat portion of third order dispersion curve and maximum magnitude of the transmission group delay can be tuned in long range of wavelength (red shift) slightly.
The Chitlang fault runs parallel to the 3-km-long gap zone between two other faults.
In the following, the MEF of the molecule located within the gap zone is particularly discussed.
This illustrates that the excitation rate is also sensitive to the molecular location in the gap zone.
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