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The association between diabetes and GSD is stronger among patients who have a history of treated diabetes mellitus than it is among those with a simple history of diabetes; this could indicate that hyperglycemia affects gallbladder motility [ 3].
The relationship among obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and abnormal gallbladder motility remains unclear.
Changes of gallbladder motility may play a role in this phenomenon.
We hypothesize that administration of leptin to Lepob mice would cause weight loss, decrease gallbladder volume, and change gallbladder genes related to gallbladder motility, nucleating factors, and lipid metabolism.
Separate chapters focus on defects in biliary lipid secretion, in cholesterol solubilisation and in gallbladder motility.
The study of Klass et al. identified a gallstone-associated polymorphism in the hepatic β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) suggested to affect gallbladder motility [14].
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All enrolled subjects underwent complete clinical examination, an interview by questionnaires for the evaluation of dyspepsia, upper gastrointestinal perception, and bowel habits, functional ultrasonography for the study of gallbladder and gastric motility, H2-breath test for orocecal transit time (OCTT).
For example, bile acid activation of TGR5 can regulate gallbladder filling, intestinal motility, and may have a role in bile acid-induced itch and the analgesia associated with cholestatic liver disease 44, 45, 46.
Gallstones are also more likely to occur in people with diabetes or any condition that decreases gallbladder contractions or intestinal motility, such as a spinal cord injury.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a gastrointestinal peptidyl hormone which stimulates pancreatic exocrine secretion, gut motility, and gallbladder contraction.
Thirty subjects (19%) had abnormal gallbladder motility (EF <25%).
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