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The ritually blessed black gall ink marked the page as she exerted pressure.
These dark supporting lines have been around for a very long time, actually since medieval times when iron gall ink was used for its lasting dark colour.
This integral element – the decaying heart, if you will – became the hanging ball in the piece, fashioned from oak gall ink, the type used in medieval manuscripts.
Starting with Page 2 of the Constitution and its transmittal page, conservators are methodically examining each line of script, which was written with iron-based gall ink that has discolored and grown more brittle with age.
iron gall ink.
From left, crosses in: iron gall ink; carbon ink; red iron oxide and India ink.
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Laboratory iron gall ink-stained parchment specimens were artificially aged under moderate temperature and humidity and were studied with FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, micro-hot table thermal analysis and SEM-EDX microanalysis.
For example, iron-gall ink, commonly used on ancient documents, is transparent to infra-red light and most visible in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum.
The blessed oak-gall ink flows brilliantly onto the prepared white calfskin (ritually clean goats, sheep or deer are also used).
For example, iron-gall ink, commonly used on ancient documents, is transparent to infra-red light and most visible in the ultra-violet region of the spectrum.
Candlelight may be authentic, but it renders the guidebook, not to mention documents written in blobby, iron-gall ink, impossible to decipher.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com