There is evidence that diseases of the gall bladder and gall ducts, particularly cholecystolithiasis, cholecystitis/cholangitis as well as cholecystectomies, occur more frequently with HT (LoE Ib).
Examples include abdominal situs ambiguous, polydactyly, herniated liver tissue, shortening of the gall ducts, rib abnormalities and duplication of ductus venosus and bifid ureter (Fig. 6).
We have estimated the risks for cancer of the colorectum, gall bladder, bile duct, and stomach among women with a BRCA1 or a BRCA2 mutation.
There is also more limited evidence for an increased risk of cancer of the gall bladder, bile duct, stomach and malignant melanoma (The Breast Cancer Linkage Consortium, 1999; Edwards et al, 2003; Kirchhoff et al, 2004; van Asperen et al, 2005; Risch et al, 2006).
The study included 627 patients with biliary tract cancer (368 gall bladder, 191 bile duct, 68 ampulla of Vater) and 959 healthy subjects randomly selected from the population.
In addition to the 21 new cases of colorectal cancer, there were single cases of cancer of the gall bladder and bile duct.
Deletion of PRH in the hepatic diverticulum leads to embryonic death, a small cystic liver and absence of the extrahepatic bile duct and gall bladder.
One study also included cancers of the bile duct or gall bladder [ 21], but these form only a small proportion of the total.
Biliary tract cancers, which include cancers of the gall bladder, extrahepatic bile duct, and ampulla of Vater, are rare but highly fatal (Hsing et al, 2006).
Pis1 may have a role in mediating cyto-protection as it was present in several tissues such as liver, bile duct and gall bladder, which are not anatomically exposed to a high pathogen pressure.
