Sentence examples for gain penalty from inspiring English sources

The error rate performance of non-ideal ASK systems is investigated under LS detection and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain penalty of heterodyne system over homodyne system is observed.

The numerical results obtained through this work show that LS technique has the ability to reduce the SNR gain penalty caused by the lasers phase error, and hence, can be used in any wire-line or wireless coherent systems that suffer from imperfect (non-ideal) phase recovery.

This can be achieved by introducing a gain penalty for scoring evolutionary scenarios [ 17].

The number of genes in the reconstructed LUCA gene sets grows as the gain penalty increases.

The gain penalty weight was also uniformly randomized over the interval between 0.75 and 1.25.

We used the maximum possible gain penalty (i.e., 5) so that only gene losses appeared on the tree.

The evaluation results show that the proposed technique has the ability to improve the error rate performance, and hence, reduce the SNR gain penalties caused by the laser phase noise.

We also derive the gain penalties of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to the partial recovery of the incoming laser phase to verify the appropriateness of the new combining method in mitigating laser phase noise.

Therefore different gain penalties were used and the resulting series of reconstructed gene sets for the last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of the extant life forms were analysed.

Nevertheless, following the dynamics of "gap-filling" in the growing LUCA gene sets reconstructed with increasing gain penalties might point to a minimal reasonable LUCA.

Expectedly, across all the range of genetic gain penalties, the selection of 40 elite individuals yielded ABLUP genetic gain higher than that of the GBLUP with percentage increase between 9.2 and 14.6% for 100 and 1,000 penalty classes, respectively.