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Furthermore, we demonstrate that loss or gain of interaction with lamins changes the subnuclear position of several interacting genes, but per se is not sufficient to change their gene expression levels.
To explain the conversion of proteins from soluble to fibrous forms, several types of models have been proposed: refolding, natively disordered and gain of interaction.
A gain of interaction was observed with Drosophila, mouse, and cnidarian Hox proteins, suggesting that this molecular property is evolutionary conserved in the animal kingdom.
This effect was more obvious with the HX mutation, which led to a gain of interaction for all but one TF in this tissue.
The gain of interaction between HoxA11 and Foxo1a comprises one of the major regulatory events that led to placentation in mammals, illustrating a so far unexpected role of a PPI inhibitory domain in interactome rewiring during evolution (Lynch et al., 2008).
Second, structural change in glycan may cause changes in interaction with other molecules such as lectins, i.e. loss of interaction with one lectin and gain of interaction with another, although sTn-recognizing endogenous lectins have not yet been identified to date.
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The gain-of-interaction models may additionally be subdivided into direct stacking, cross-β spine, three-dimensional domain swapping and three-dimensional domain swapping with a cross-β spine.
By contrast with fibril formation from unfolded polypeptides, where substantial refolding has to occur (' refolding model'), amyloid fibril formation from very native-like precursor states has been proposed to be achieved by a very limited set of conformational changes (' gain-of-interaction models'), exposing a previously inaccessible surface to aid polymerisation [146].
Here, a sequential gain of interactions was found, where residue contacts and backbone hydrogen bonds formed throughout the molecules in a zipper-like fashion.
Several biologically motivated schemes incorporating node duplication (Fig. 2B) and subsequent loss and/or gain of interactions (Fig. 2C) have been proposed.
Let us assume that of the d differences at time T, a proportion of μℓ result in the loss of new interactions, and a proportion of μ a result in the gain of new interactions.* That is, μℓ and μ a can be thought of as the proportions of sequence substitutions that result in the loss and gain of interactions, respectively.
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