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There were also substantial changes in the major integron, attributed to gain of individual cassettes including copying from within, or loss of blocks of cassettes.
Unfortunately, loss or gain of individual chromosomes similar in size would be hardly detectable even by combining FACS and PFGE.
Strikingly, this becomes clear by the lack of correlations of the gain of individual S-group cells to their input resistance.
While mechanisms for the acquisition of prophage, plasmids and insertion sequences are understood, mechanisms for the gain of individual genes, such as the B. thuringiensis toxin, or operons, such as VapA and its secretion system, are less obvious.
Similarly, rather than demonstrating gain of individual pathways, the distribution of KOs suggests that horizontally acquired genes are involved in a variety of metabolic processes (supplementary fig. S3, Supplementary Material online).
The former involves tracts of repetitive DNA sequences that occur either upstream of a gene or within an open reading frame, and, through SSM, a loss or gain of individual nucleotides or repeat units can occur at high frequency.
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The blood extraction practices described in "In the Amazon, Giving Blood but Getting Nothing" (front page, June 20) amount to taking advantage of unsophisticated people in the developing world for the benefit and material gain of individuals and companies in the developed West.
The key parameters used for the selection of subcarriers are the channel gains of individual subcarriers.
Tests show that the system is capable of tracking the gains of individual detector cells to the design accuracy of 3%.
Moreover, the insertion losses from the input to the output of the resonator can be easily compensated by adjusting the gains of individual blocks inside the oscillator loop.
This allows the performance gains of individual techniques to be evaluated at various stages, as well as the impact in combination with other sub-systems.
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