The consequences, such as decreased weight gain, increased morbidity and mortality, poor feed conversion and increased use of therapeutic anti-microbial treatments, all contribute to important economic losses.
Neonatal diarrhea is a major problem that leads to reduced weight gain, increased morbidity and mortality among piglets and has, in consequence, an economic impact on the swine industry.
This score will be converted to QALYs, which have the ability to simultaneously capture information about the gains achieved from reduced morbidity (quality gains) and reduced mortality (quantity gains) [ 23] and have the assumption that the duration of each status is exactly one half of the time between two measurement intervals.
Indirect costs comprise costs of illness-related absenteeism from paid work (short- and long-term absence from work) as well as from unpaid work (e.g. housework), and costs of productivity loss or gain due to morbidity or premature mortality.
Calves fed pasteurized milk had improved weight gain and reduced morbidity and mortality compared to calves fed milk replacer [ 23],[ 24].
Daily supplementary low level of cod liver oil (50 mL/d, approximately 1%~2%) to sows from day 107 of gestation until weaning did not affect weight gain and overall morbidity of piglets in the study by Taugbøl et al. [ 29].
The industry points to meta-analyses of controlled isocaloric "fructose for glucose" exchange studies that demonstrate no effect from fructose on weight gain or other morbidities.
To identify risk factors for excessive or inadequate gestational weight gain and associated morbidities among Hispanic women in a U.S.-Mexico border state.
Inclusion of morbidity gains in our denominator reduced still further our ratios, although this was somewhat counterbalanced by our use of healthy life years in the denominator (as opposed to life years as reported in most of the literature).
While the large majority of morbidity gains (around 61.5%) are due to decreased CVA incidence, AMI/UAP and ESRD account for a further 14.3% and 14.3% respectively (Table 3).
Long-term community-based development investment to insure that the short-term mortality and morbidity gains are sustainable through stable primary health-care systems, such as the routine immunization system, is overshadowed by other Agency priorities.
