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In addition to exploiting the maximum diversity gain in frequency, time and space, the proposed scheme enjoys high coding advantages and low-complexity decoding.
The common deletion was found to gain in frequency from 1.91 ± 0.15 × 10−6 per genome at age 15 years to levels as high as 6.36 ± 0.20 × 10−4 per genome by age 80 years, an increase of over 300-fold (Table 1).
Gene ontology categories and interaction maps for the affected genes were generated (Additional file 2: Methods and Additional file 3: Figures S1 and S2), and the mutation analysis results are summarized in Table 1.> -wrap-foot> Bold font represents alleles that gain in frequency over GS evolution.
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Low peak-to-average power ratio and a diversity gain in frequency-selective channel are just two reasons why we chose a DFT-spread OFDM system to transmit data over an underwater acoustic channel.
Compared with conventional OFDM systems, the DFT-spread OFDM leads to a diversity gain in frequency-selective channel, and it combines the advantages of single-carrier transmission, like constant signal envelope, simple clock, and frequency synchronization [15].
Now we're going from 3 GHz to 3.3 GHz in far more incremental gains in frequency.
UBP7 bears a mutation that gains in frequency to represent a large portion of the GS-evolved population.
In our simulations, we constructed evolutionary trajectories where the initially smaller subclone gained in frequency over time while the other subclone decreased.
Furthermore, Aro1p, which catalyses steps 2 to 6 of the chorismate pathway leading to synthesis of aromatic amino acids [ 67], harbours a predicted phenotype-conferring mutation that gains in frequency within sequenced mutant pools.
The verified tolerance-conferring effect of the UBP7 mutation to which they were initially linked, and which gained in frequency over population evolution, suggests that these linked mutations were merely carried through to strain R57 from UV mutagenesis.
The TOF2 mutation gained in frequency within the GS-evolved strains at round 1 but diminished in later rounds, while the DOP1 and FIT3 3′ UTR mutations were not highly represented in the GS populations and may be relatively specific to R57, which devalues these genes as potential tolerance-associated determinants.
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