Exact(8)
During the establishment of EMT, epithelial cells undergo a complex reprogramming of their cell proteome, in which proteins commonly expressed by epithelia (E-cadherin, cytokeratins) are lost, while cells gain expression of mesenchymal markers (N-cadherin, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), fibroblast specific protein-1 (FSP-1)).
Interestingly, the early EGF-induced ATMCs were also found to gain expression of the neural and progenitor cell marker nestin, which is transiently expressed in VSMCs progenitors of rat embryonic arteries.
Concomitantly, these cells lose expression of visceral endoderm markers and gain expression of markers for the definitive endoderm.
After exposure to each of 8 different ligands that activate TLRs 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 9, CD8+ T cells are activated and gain expression of the C type lectin CD69 that may promote their retention in lymphoid tissues.
During tumorigenesis, ovarian cancer cells can adopt an aberrant mullerian differentiation pattern, in which they gain expression of cortical E-cadherin and lose expression of vimentin (Ahmed et al., 2010; Auersperg et al., 2001; Hudson et al., 2008).
Tumor cells often de-differentiate or have their origin in immature cell types and loose expression of proteins associated with highly differentiated cells, and could in stead gain expression of embryonic proteins.
Similar(52)
Conversely, DNA copy number gain may increase expression of oncogenes.
We found that airway epithelial cells gradually lost expression of junction proteins and gained expression of mesenchymal proteins, indicative of EMT.
In response to osteogenic induction conditions in culture, SCAP begin to down regulate their expression of CD24 while gaining expression of ALP (Figure 3B).
Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) levels increased in mouse airways while epithelial cells lost expression of E-cadherin and occludin and gained expression of the mesenchymal proteins vimentin, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and pro-collagen I.
For example, mouse ES cells are capable of switching reversibly between Nanog positive and negative states, losing and gaining expression of a gene previously proposed as a key regulator of pluripotency [16].
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