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Another type, the proximity fuze, senses when a target is close enough to be destroyed by the bomb's explosion.
The other device was a type of proximity fuze using a photoelectric cell and thermionic amplifier.
These were artillery projectiles carrying a number of subprojectiles antipersonnel bombs or mines or antitank mines that could be fired from a gun and would be opened, by a time fuze, over the target area to distribute the submunitions.
The proximity fuze was developed by joint British American research and was adopted first for air defense and later for ground bombardment.
After 1945 the proximity fuze was improved by the transistor and the integrated circuit.
The typical conventional bomb is a streamlined cylinder that consists of five major parts: an outer casing, the inner explosive material, devices such as fins to stabilize the bomb in flight, one or more fuzes to ignite the bomb's main charge, and a mechanism for arming the fuze or preparing it to explode.
In the 15th century exploding shot was developed by filling hollow cast-iron balls with gunpowder and fitting a fuze that had to be lit just before firing.
A time fuze, by contrast, acts after a controlled delay.
This last-moment arming is achieved by simple mechanical means, most commonly a small pinwheel on the bomb that turns as the air rushes past the falling projectile, and thereby arms the fuze.
They are usually fitted with a time-delay fuze, so that the bomb explodes only after it has smashed through several floors and is deep inside the target building.
The bomb was a simple cylinder packed with explosive and fitted with a shotgun cartridge at the rear; its fuze was adapted from a hand grenade.
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