Dr Paolo de Coppi, consultant paediatric surgeon at Great Ormond Street Hospital and head of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine at the Institute of Child Health, London, said: "Research such as this demonstrates that organ engineering could, in the future, be a substitute for transplantation, overcoming problems such as organ donor shortages and by-passing the need for immunosuppressive therapy.
The current study is, by its size and observational character, important; an argument for rather than a substitute for future interventional studies in this area.
(Though internships and law school clinics are useful training grounds for future lawyers, they are no substitute for the rigors of licensed practice).
Red Bulls Coach Hans Backe did not seem to have a place him last season, preferring Thierry Henry and almost anyone else, and Jurgen Klinsmann seems to be grooming him (mostly as a substitute) for the future with the senior national team.
The rapid accessibility to these cells could be translated to a more immediate generation of a bioengineered human skin substitute for the future clinical treatment.
What matters now is stopping Ebola and ending the crisis, but the lesson for the future is clear: there is no substitute for adequate local health cover.
And the field sat vacant during halftime, while Future, a rapper brought in to substitute for the band, performed off to the side on a small stage behind a fence.
Germanium (Ge) is considered to be a substitute for Si for future complementary metal-insulator-semiconductor devices because of its higher carrier mobility than silicon (Si) [1].
And in the face of a frighteningly uncertain future, making predictions is a comforting substitute for taking action.
In the future, site-directed integration might eventually substitute for (semi-) randomly integrating vectors, provided comparable gene delivery and recombination efficiencies can be achieved.
