In the event of a future eruption, it will be imperative to make measurements of ash and gas emissions, including time series of plume heights, SO2 fluxes and systematic sampling of the ash, supported by characterisation of its properties, to support future hazard assessments at Santorini and elsewhere.
Mechanism-specific biomarkers, multigenerational designs and population growth models may be useful to assess organismal and population level responses to low-level exposures, which may serve to reduce uncertainty in future hazard assessments of invertebrate responses to endocrine-active pharmaceuticals in the environment.
This implies that, beyond the current classification, the non-magmatic unrest branch in the event tree could become the base for future probabilistic hazard assessment at any type of volcano, regardless of its state of unrest.
Besides having implications for future probabilistic hazard assessment, the potential for external water to influence the system highlights the need to a larger variety of monitoring methods, both internal (e.g., to better track hydrothermal activity) and external to the volcano (e.g., to track the weather).
Such improved transparency can guide and facilitate the identification and use of key studies, and ensure that all relevant and reliable ecotoxicological information is included in future hazard and risk assessment.
Success in validating relevant new end points, as well as performance of studies to follow early changes to subsequent adverse consequences in vivo, may provide "phenotypic anchoring" needed to use such end points for future hazard evaluations and risk assessments.
We propose that the variation pattern of ΣM0 may offer spatial constraints for seismic hazard assessment in the future.
These models give climate projections for two future periods of 30 years and the hazard assessment refers to the same periods.
There is still space for future improvement in the field of TC wind hazard assessment.
This strongly suggests a great potential to reduce the hazard at possible future sites of earthquakes relative to long-term seismic hazard assessment.
