In an implicit recognition that efforts to describe a typical "terrorist personality" are inherently futile, Hamburg Cell shows that Atta and Jarrah could not have been more different.
Deletion of genes that are not necessary in multiple copies can be advantageous because their expression imposes a triple cost to the cell: futile replication, transcription and translation (Figure 1).
Inactive (i.e., incorrect folding) and futile proteins for cell are tagged by ubiquitin for proteolysis [ 36].
The activation of T cells in the absence of costimulation is futile because T cells deprived of costimulatory signals enter a state of unresponsiveness or anergy.
Although the former may be suggested to patients during the early stages of NSCLC, the highly proliferative and metastatic nature of SCLC deems operation almost futile because microscopic cells separated from the primary mass may still remain in the body despite surgical resection.
In treated lymphoblastoid cells, several futile repair cycles are then thought to accumulate p53 protein (D'Atri et al, 1998; Tentori et al, 1998).
The notion of both destroying and regenerating glucocorticoids across the wall of the ER in a particular brain cell seems rather futile unless the balance is physiologically regulated somehow, a tough trick with two enzymes having such disparate affinities for substrate.
We speculate that a potential mechanism to explain the lack of sensitivity to the increased amount of DSBs may be the onset of futile HR in wild type cells.
This was consistent with our hypothesis that lowered NAD+/NADH levels caused by FK866 would sensitize NQO1+ tumor cells to rapid futile redox cycling initiated by β-lap.
Thus it would appear that increasing transcription of protein-coding genes in TORC1-inhibited cells would be futile as these mRNA would likely be degraded before ever being translated.
