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Interbody spinal fusion relies on the use of external fixation and the placement of a fusion cage filled with graft materials (scaffolds) without regard for their mechanical performance.
This work presents the proof-of-concept of a fusion cage made of a graded porous titanium with microarchitecture minimizing the risk of subsidence associated with fully-solid implants.
In a large series of human patients undergoing open anterior lumbar interbody fusion with a tapered titanium fusion cage, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (rhBMP-2) on an absorbable collagen sponge carrier has been shown to decrease operative time and blood loss, to promote osteoinduction and fusion and to be a safe and effective substitute for iliac crest harvesting.
Bagby et al. developed the first interbody fusion cage [2].
Subsidence is defined as migration of the fusion cage through the osseous endplate of more than 3 mm resulting in loss of height restoration (Fig. 9).
Sagittal (b) and axial CT (c) images show the cage indenting and displacing the abdominal aorta anteriorly better Open image in new window Fig. 9 Sagittal, coronal, and axial CT images show migration of the fusion cage through the superior endplate of more than 3 mm resulting in loss of height restoration and subsidence.
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These novel interbody fusion cages await clinical application in humans.
A large number of interbody fusion cages are made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
Stabilization of the anterior segment led to the development of interbody fusion cages.
Lumbar interbody fusion cages are commonly used to treat painful spinal degeneration and instability by achieving bony fusion.
Novel spinal interbody fusion cages made of bioactive and bioresorbable composites by a unique forging process were developed.
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