While patients with pre-diabetes have an increased risk of coronary heart disease or stroke already [ 4], there is a further substantial increase in cardiovascular risk when diabetes actually develops [ 5, 6] and the presence of hypertension multiplies this risk by a factor of three [ 7].
In 1986, for instance, Dr. Edward Gripon, a psychiatrist, testified that David Harris, then 25 and freshly convicted of murder, posed a substantial risk of further violent acts.
"There is more than the usual salience to this event and... a substantial risk of further such drops," he said.
Even if our findings are driven by detectable prostate cancers, biopsy would be indicated only if it could be shown that waiting for the prostate specific antigen concentration to rise further would result in a substantial risk of the cancer becoming incurable.
"The bank faces the risk of further substantial losses in its non-core portfolio, as demonstrated recently by the unexpectedly significant deterioration of its commercial real-estate exposures," it said.
It is important that the information is discussed with genetic specialists to ensure correct interpretation of results, but also that these specialists understand that absence of a detectable mutation does not preclude a substantial risk of a further primary.
"Without a further substantial increase in food-aid pledges, we will be risking serious famine and many deaths in these worst-affected African countries," the organization's Assistant Director General for Economic and Social Policy, B. P. Dutia, said.
The reality is, I was stopped from further bad actions by those who spoke up about my offenses, at substantial risk to their personal and professional reputations… and subsequently, by Christine and others on the 500 team.
5.32pm BST One substantial risk of escalating the Syrian conflict is that it will escalate further, producing perhaps an attack on Israel's northern border.
