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Preoperative deterministic tractography superimposed on the head-on surgical display has been used to guide entry into the temporal horn for selective amygdalohippocampectomy, 32 but following this entry brain shift from cerebrospinal fluid leakage precludes further image guidance.
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Finally, the use of efficient MRI contrast agents provides a better delineation of the tumor and consequently a better image guidance for further radiotherapy protocol.
This category of patients may be considered unsuitable for further margin reduction techniques unless image guidance is available.
Improvements in needle design and image guidance have continued to further the efficacy and safety of this diagnostic technique.
Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is used for image guidance.
Target localisation can be further improved by the insertion of small metallic markers into the lung tumour, which are automatically detected by the image guidance of tumour tracking radiotherapy systems (TTRS) [ 8] or internal gating systems [ 6].
Although we considered concentration of LA, timing of interventions as related to surgery, and the use of image guidance as potential sources of heterogeneity, we did not have sufficient number of studies to carry out further subgroup analysis.
This technique is already proving to be effective in providing real-time image guidance to surgeons.
Image guidance can be employed to follow organ and tumour motion during treatment.
Optimisation of image guidance procedures in radiotherapy.
Image guidance allows for a reduction of added (normal tissue) safety margins designed to account for interfraction patient and target setup variability, and stereotactic targeting will further reduce residual target setup uncertainty.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com