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In the fire-tube type, the water surrounds the steel tubes through which hot gases from the furnace flow.
The computational setup for surface reactions and furnace flow modeling was designed to match the in-service furnace used in Bosch production plants and contained 4.6 million mesh points and results were obtained with URANS k ε turbulence model.
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Then, the model is tested against available experimental data under comparable conditions in terms of in-furnace flow state, temperature distribution, and the characteristics of the cohesive zone.
The growth of CNTs was performed using a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus composed of a tube furnace, gas flow lines, digital mass-flow controllers, and a quartz tube as reactor.
The model is used principally to account for the effect of variations in the furnace fuel flow rate and the influence of changes in the feed temperature and feed flow rate on the furnace effluent temperature.
By phase-Doppler anemometry measurements within a cold 1 40-scaled model of the furnace, gas/particle flow characteristics were compared among various staged-air ratio settings (i.e., 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%) to establish an appropriate staged-air ratio range for boiler operation.
The samples are annealed in a Pt furnace with flowing pure Ar gas to prevent possible surface oxidation.
This reactor is formed based on consecutive combination of the batched mixer and the tube furnace with flowing solution.
The film was annealed in a quartz tube furnace under flowing ultrahigh-purity N2 for 1 h.
Firstly, the mixtures were heated at 150 °C for 2 h and then heated to either 400 or 600 °C in a furnace under flowing nitrogen for 4 h The BET surface area increased with increasing Xp and activating temperature.
Figure 6 FLY-XANES spectra at the Si L 3,2 -edge for (a) low (Si ex < 1%) and (b) high (Si ex = 5%) excess silicon content films deposited by the ICP CVD system and annealed in a quartz tube furnace under flowing N 2 + 5% H 2 gas.
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