So in recent years, at every point in the early life cycle of NIH funding, physician-scientists have been more likely than Ph.D. scientists to leave the NIH grant-applicant pool.
Women, elderly, less wealthy individuals and people with a lower physical health status visited their insurance fund physicians more.
For the German statutory health insurance, decisions are made on behalf of both the Federal Associations of Sickness Fund Physicians or the German Hospital Association and the Federal Associations of Sickness Funds by the G-BA [ 27].
Represented in this body are the major actors of the health system, health insurance funds, physicians and hospitals; they form the joint self-government of the German health care system.
We compared public and healthcare provider (HCP) knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in a province with a public health nurse-delivered, publicly funded rotavirus vaccination program to a province with a publicly funded, physician-delivered program.
Within a general framework stipulated by laws, self-governing institutions (e.g., sickness funds, physician associations) specify the rules to explicit benefit catalogues or remuneration schemes with the character of benefit catalogues, limiting the scope of service provision.
Since 1991, The Foundation's program in bioethics has provided funding for physicians, lawyers, philosophers, economists, theologians and other professionals to address micro and macro issues in bioethics, providing guidance for those engaged in decision making at the bedside as well as those responsible for shaping institutional and public policy.
In National Health Systems (NHS) with public funding prescribing physicians can be considered as double agents acting as patients' advocates but also as society's gatekeepers of resource use.
The shortages are putting pressure on medical schools to boost enrollment, and on lawmakers to lift a cap on funding for physician training and to ease limits on immigration of foreign physicians, who already constitute 25% of the white-coated workforce.
To try to alleviate the doctor shortage, some lawmakers have proposed increasing federal funding for physician residencies.
