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NASA's human spaceflight division now uses a statistical model called the Joint Confidence Level, or JCL, to predict the likelihood a program will meet particular milestones based on funding expectations.
But potential bonuses may become incorporated in funding expectations and, even though officially phrased positively, failure to achieve the bonus may still be perceived as a penalty.
It is possible that the training and funding expectations have led to an increased awareness of the importance of EBDM but not necessarily the skills and competencies needed, suggesting the reduction in gap between importance and availability is really a function of bias due to socially desirable responses.
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But we did test it indirectly by asking principal investigators to give information on study characteristics not normally reported in publications, like amount of time spent with patients, amount of effort invested in a trial, importance of the trial for further funding, expectation of investigator and the like.
Often this need for time is at odds with grant-funding expectations and the process of tenure in academia.
And at 400 million euros, L Capital's latest fund surpassed fund-raising expectations.
Results indicate that backers indeed have several self-interest motivations for funding: prospect of a reward; expectation of recognition from others; to lobby a certain project in the hopes of its fruition; and to develop their image.
These include big funding, large expectations, unforeseen price increases, expanded distribution and serious trash talking.
"Conflicts-both actual and perceived- can arise between sources of research funding and expectations of independence when reporting research results.
"With that funding came expectations placed on themselves by themselves and by the promises they'd made to their investors.
An ecology postdoc requesting anonymity, tells Science Careers that she entered the job market this fall with 15 papers in top-tier journals and about $400,000 in grant funding and expectations of being competitive.
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