But Desbrun's equations model the actual circulation of the liquid, as if it were a property as fundamental as velocity.
The principal quantitative characteristic of a flame is its normal, or fundamental, burning velocity, which depends on the chemical and thermodynamic properties of the mixture and on pressure and temperature, under given conditions of heat loss.
While another view identified 10 characteristics of big data that reveal non-linear interrelationships through a three-level framework: fundamental (volume, velocity, variety and veracity), technological (intelligence, analytics and infrastructure) and socio-economic (service, value and market) (Sun 2018).
The results clearly show that the second surface wave has phase and group velocities that agree well with the fundamental mode velocities.
A framework for the gas explosion vent design using the fundamental laminar burning velocity of a gas-air mixture is also discussed.
The nonlinear dynamic behaviour of an axially moving band is examined through the dependences between the fundamental frequency, axial velocity and vibration amplitude resulting from nonlinear free vibration.
The nonlinear dynamic behaviour is examined through the dependences between fundamental frequency, axial velocity and the amplitude of nonlinear free vibration.
Since, this correlation is based on a fundamental hydrodynamic parameter, velocity, rather than an operating parameters such as the impeller speed, it can be used for a variety of impeller types and tank geometries.
A particular thrust of the study is the derivation of closed-form asymptotics for the fundamental leaky-wave velocity branch es) at low frequency and for the continuum of leaky-wave branches near the fluid-coupled and fluid-uncoupled thickness resonances.
Measurements based on motion picture shadowgraphs, and numerical simulations based on typical contemporary chemical reaction mechanisms, were used to find the sensitivities of the laminar burning velocities to flame stretch, characterized as Markstein numbers, and the fundamental laminar burning velocities of unstretched flames.
