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On the other hand, the anomalous α-type APB contrast was imaged with fundamental reflections.
However, the measurement of the lattice misfit is complicated due to the fact that the fundamental reflections of α and β′ phases almost completely overlap.
Electron diffraction patterns show satellite-like intensities close to the fundamental reflections in 〈100〉-type directions, indicating an approximate 6 nm characteristic length scale of the decomposition microstructure.
The 1st-order satellite reflections visible in the powder-diffraction patterns exhibit, with respect to the fundamental reflections, a considerable diffraction-line broadening, caused by a small size of the particularly ordered domains.
The microstructure of Ni-11.3 at.% Ti single crystals was investigated after quenching from the solid solution at 1440 K and after ageing at 873 K for various periods of time by using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray scattering near fundamental reflections and superstructure reflections of the ordered precipitates.
Based on the rhombohedral reciprocal lattice, the 12 reflections were no longer superlattice but fundamental reflections, and the reciprocal vector of the one-dimensional incommensurate reflections was re-expressed as H=ha∗+kb∗+lc∗±17.24∗∗, where h, k, l are integers and (−h + k + l) = 3n.
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In X-ray and electron diffraction methods, LRO parameters have been determined from the ratio of superlattice and fundamental reflection intensities weighted by their structure factors by applying kinematical diffraction theory [17].
In Fig. 4c the corresponding diffraction pattern is shown to illustrate the positions of the objective aperture used to form the dark-field images of the fundamental reflection (cf. Fig. 4a) and of the superlattice reflection (Fig. 4b).
In the case of the fundamental reflection (2 0 0) (cf. Fig. 4a), the variation in contrast inside the imaged grain is caused by structural defects leading to small changes in the orientation of the lattice with respect to the incoming beam.
It continued, "His deep insights and profound reflections on the nature of human existence provide opportunities to consider fundamental issues that could face any individual in the world".
Comparison between superlattice and fundamental lattice reflections is revealing.
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