Cross-presentation is now established under various investigational conditions as a fundamental pathway of activating CD8 T cells but understanding its significance for mounting immune responses in vivo has been limited by experimental means to distinguish cross-priming from overall MHC I priming.
Epistemic Guide: The fundamental pathway to acquiring knowledge of metaphysical modality derives from knowledge of essential properties or essences of the entities involved.
BMPs/SMAD4 is known to be a fundamental pathway for the development of intestinal epithelium; it is upregulated upon H. pylori infection and thereafter induces the expression of the downstream target CDX2, as well as the downregulation of SOX2, an inhibitor of CDX2 [ 13– 15].
Yet another way to transcribe versican is through the canonical wnt pathway, one of the fundamental pathways involved in activities of development and tissue homeostasis (Logan and Nusse 2004), controlling proliferation, differentiation, cell polarity and motility events of relevance in tissue remodeling.
The small size of zebrafish embryos has enabled high-throughput chemical screening to identify small-molecule suppressors of fundamental pathways in vasculogenesis, such as the BMP axis, as well as of common vascular defects, such as aortic coarctation.
Thus, Snail1 lies upstream of three fundamental pathways in bone remodelling and the control of adult bone mass.
Moreover, among the other dysregulated pathways identified by DINA, we found disruption of fundamental pathways regulating liver cancer progression such as the PPAR signaling pathway (Supplementary Table S19).
However, owing to the complexity of the clinical phenotype of individuals with FRDA and the species specificity of certain fundamental pathways, mouse or mammalian cells are probably better suited to answer pathophysiological questions.
Here we show that Numb is an important regulator of p53 pathway during T-cell development, and we describe a novel molecular mechanism involved in the differential regulation of Numb p53 axis based on the regulation of Numb nuclear import, emerging an interesting scenario where Numb can act as a regulator of two fundamental pathways during T-cell development.
