It has been assumed that specific epilepsy syndromes are associated with specific underlying pathophysiological defects.
1, 2 Incretin-based therapies have clearly revolutionized the management of T2DM as they address a key pathophysiological defect in this disorder.
Blockade of SGLT2 also appears to ameliorate pathophysiological defects underlying T2DM other than hyperglycemia, including factors such as weight gain, blood pressure, and lipids.
Despite the complexities of this clinical picture, the pathophysiological defects underlying T2DM can be attributed in large part to a single core defect, that is, inappropriate resistance to the biologic effects of insulin [ 1, 2].
Thus, subclinical vestibular dysfunction may be an integral part of migraine pathophysiology and could be related to fundamental pathophysiological similarities between migraine and VM.
Our understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes has progressed over time with recent research identifying eight pathophysiological defects, termed the "ominous octet," involved in the development of diabetes.
Maladaptive neurohormonal signaling involving the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and adrenergic systems are fundamental pathophysiological processes in heart failure.
Hence, our data appear to reveal a fundamental pathophysiological mechanism of HLH, that is, escape of IL-18BP from IFNγ stimulation.
Accordingly, a reduction of the bile acid pool size and the cholesterol supersaturation of gallbladder bile were identified as pivotal pathophysiological defects that promote cholesterol gallstone formation [23] [27].
MicroSPECT and microSPECT/CT are powerful tools for elucidating fundamental pathophysiological pathways of heart diseases.
