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A preliminary estimate of fundamental losses can be obtained using the nominal properties listed in Table 4 for common metals and ceramics used in MEMS and NEMS.
In silicon solar cell, the power conversion efficiency is limited by many fundamental losses such as incomplete absorption of the solar spectrum, recombination of the photo-generated charge carriers, shading losses, and series resistance losses [16, 17].
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The loss of some Russian oligarchs is not a fundamental loss for the market".
No fundamental loss of will is evident among the alliance's chief members.
And, because I learned Welsh as part of learning to speak altogether, that seems like a very fundamental loss.
The corporation later admitted there had been a "fundamental loss of control" and Hall said the BBC had "lost the plot".
Here we are talking about the fundamental loss of agency, a world in which our individuality is used as fodder for consumption and manipulation.
We think this should include all the states that have already been rescued, or are requesting bail-outs, because those countries share with Greece a fundamental loss of competitiveness and vulnerability to foreign capital flight.
The idea, backed by Germany and the Netherlands, may make further loans to Greece more palatable to German voters, but many Greeks see it as a fundamental loss of sovereignty and feel that they are being pushed into poverty to appease banks.
"The challenge for the committee is that we do not know how much of the slowing in growth is due to the referendum, an effect that should be short lived, and how much of it reflects a more fundamental loss of underlying momentum, which might be more persistent".
Increasing photovoltaic conversion efficiency by overcoming the fundamental loss mechanisms due to hot carrier thermalisation remains one of the challenges in solar energy research.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com