Since the life-span-extending effects were seen throughout the study population, says Harrison, rapamycin must be altering some fundamental aging mechanism that drives a broad range of age-related defects.
The A ἰών symbol expressed through the three fundamental ages that mark out the moments of a cosmic cycle is found again, significantly, in the House of A ἰών mosaic in Antioch, dating back to halfway through the Third Century A.D. This mosaic stands out for a particular detail: it depicts a symposium or triclinium where four male figures are shown lying on klinai.
The deal with 9 Lives was that Jim Davis got eight other artists to draw their own Garfield stories for each of the fundamental ages of human history: Cavemen, vikings, stooges, detectives, acid fantasy, and space.
The studies by Isaiah R. Turnbull et al indicate that the increased local immune response to sepsis with age is the outcome of a fundamental age-based difference.
By analogy, in Alzheimer's disease, there is a fundamental, age-associated imbalance between the dynamically opposed physiological processes that mediate plasticity, i.e., between synaptoblastic and synaptoclastic activity.
It is also important to note that because this study sought to investigate fundamental age-induced impairments in macrophage function, peritoneal macrophages were not elicited with thioglycollate, a process that results in alterations in macrophage populations, recruitment and function (Ghosn et al., 2010; Misharin et al., 2012).
Systolic blood pressure rises in both F344-Rats and in humans and is associated with increased plasma catecholamine levels suggesting that there is a fundamental age-related change in the function of peripheral adrenergic nerves (Palmer et al., 1978; Esler et al., 1981; Barnes et al., 1982; Yu et al., 1985; Insel, 1993).
A fundamental aging mechanism that likely contributes to chronic diseases and age-related dysfunction is cellular senescence (Kirkland, 2013b, a; Tchkonia et al., 2013; Kirkland & Tchkonia, 2014).
In addition, neurodegenerative diseases [ 55, 56], renal failure [ 57], osteoporosis [ 58], and the metabolic syndrome/diabetes [ 59] are associated with inflammation, and it has been suggested that dysregulation of inflammation is a fundamental aging mechanism [ 60- 62].
With regard to insulin-controlled, aging-related functions, there is suggestive evidence that inadequate autophagic proteolysis does play a role including in human aging, but we still do not know whether sirtuins or resveratrol are capable of influencing fundamental aging processes in humans.
