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The functions of ARFs are well studied.
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These studies provide in vivo evidence for p53-independent functions of Arf and suggest a novel role for Arf as a suppressor of tumor angiogenesis.
Notably, of the many p53-independent functions of ARF that have been described to date [8], several can be envisioned to potentially impact the angiogenic switch.
Although mutation of p53 and ARF in tumors are for the most part mutually exclusive events [7], mounting evidence suggests that the relationship between p53 and ARF is not strictly linear and points to p53-independent tumor suppressor functions of ARF [8], [9].
Protein domain analysis provided us useful information on the biological function of ARFs.
Moss, J. & Vaughan, M. Structure and function of ARF proteins: activators of cholera toxin and critical components of intracellular vesicular transport processes.
The function of Arf proteins depends on their cycling between GTP- and GDP-bound forms.
The tumor suppressor function of Arf in MM was p53-independent, since MMs with loss of Arf retained functional p53.
BFA inhibits the function of ARF-GTPases by interacting with their associated GEFs and, thus, has strong effects on the integrity of subcellular compartments and the endosomal vesicle pool by inhibiting intracellular trafficking pathways [32] [33].
The phenotypes of the NtGNL1 RNAi transgenic lines confirmed that NtGNL1 indeed plays a critical role in regulating the polar extension of pollen tubes, the expected function of ARF-GEF in vesicle trafficking [24], [32] [34].
All of these might in part explain the p53-independent function of ARF, but the mechanisms remain unclear.
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