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Functional analyses indicated that these molecules possess killing activity in mammalian cell lines upon overexpression or following activation by apoptotic stimuli, suggesting similar pro-apoptotic functions in the extrinsic pathway as those in mammals.
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These data are in concordance with those in the literature suggesting that HNE can induce apoptosis in various cells through the death receptor Fas/CD95-mediated extrinsic pathway as well as through the p53-dependent intrinsic pathway [ 29, 30].
In the extrinsic pathway (also known as "death receptor pathway"), apoptosis is triggered by the ligand-induced activation of death receptors at the cell surface.
In the extrinsic pathway, death factors (such as TNF-α) function as ligands that bind to their respective receptor proteins (for example, TNFR is a receptor for TNF-α), which then induces Fas-associated with death domain protein to combine with procaspase-8 to form a death-inducing signaling complex (DISC).
In reality, the main function of the extrinsic pathway is to magnify the activity of the intrinsic pathway.
One of the main functions ascribed to human DAP3 concerns its implication in the extrinsic pathway of apoptotis (Kissil et al, 1995; Mukamel and Kimchi, 2004).
Caspase 3 plays pivotal roles in the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis and is considered as the most important performer of apoptosis in the caspase family [37].
In the extrinsic pathway, activation of death receptors such as Fas and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFR) leads to activation of downstream caspases to induce apoptosis [ 32].
As caspases act both in the extrinsic pathway (mediated by death receptors) and the intrinsic pathway (mediated by death signals inducing mitochondrial proteins), we wanted to know which pathway is involved in BA-induced apoptosis of RMS.
Delayed clotting, measured as a prolonged prothrombin time, may be due to a deficiency in the activity of one or more of the blood-clotting factors in the extrinsic pathway or to a chemical inhibitor of blood coagulation that interferes with the extrinsic pathway.
The PT test best assesses coagulation activity in the extrinsic pathway.
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