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Therefore, both its thermodynamic and kinetic properties are essential for proper functioning of a uniporter.
Proper functioning of a uniporter depends on the balance between efficient transport and prevention of potential leakage of non-specific ligands.
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The free-energy landscape plot is a useful tool to comprehend relationships between functions of a uniporter and both its thermodynamic and kinetic properties.
A general procedure to construct a free-energy landscape plot of the two-state model, in order to comprehend relationships between functions of a uniporter and both its thermodynamic and kinetic properties, is outlined in Appendix 3.
Then, how these thermodynamic parameters are related to the kinetic properties of a uniporter remains to be discussed.
On the cell surface, various potential substrates/ligands may exist in the surroundings of a uniporter, and they compete for the uniporter or cooperate with each other for utilizing the transporter.
Lowering ∆G ‡ of a uniporter does not consume extra energy input, including the chemical potential of the substrate.
They are obviously too high for activation energy of a uniporter which does not have external energy input except substrate chemical potential.
There are more complicated cases in which the transport process of a uniporter may deviate from the two-state model, for example being allosterically regulated or containing loops in addition to the major reaction cycle.
Apart from considering thermodynamic parameters, understanding the precise mechanisms of substrate transport of a uniporter requires further kinetic information, i.e., the parameters k 1 0, k −1, and so on as shown in the King Altman plot (Fig. 2).
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