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The paper examines the quantity of historical data needed to establish an adequately functioning model.
The example they cite for a properly functioning model of rationality is the great essayist Montaigne, for whom "the study of books [was] a languishing a feeble motion, whereas conversation teaches and exercises at once".
That's why we need to think carefully about whether we should want a highly functioning model.
The NSTD team learned that the most requested capability was the ability to "draw an area on a map and tell me how long it will take to evacuate the people from there". To simplify that task into a stand-alone and functioning model, Waddell said, "we had to constrain this for populations using passenger vehicles," which is the primary way that Americans evacuate most areas during a disaster.
Table 4 gives the estimated item thresholds from the differential item functioning model.
The differential item functioning model gave a better fit to the data than the Rasch model (χ2 92.73, df 10, P < 0.001).
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The explanatory power of network models was further compared with classical biodiversity-ecosystem functioning models, which explained pathogen invasion success and disease spread as a function of diversity (continuous) or the presence-absence of each species.
The remaining chapters describe models for ordered-category data, multilevel models, models for differential item functioning, multidimensional models, models for local item dependency, and mixture models.
A power function model describes the data quite well.
Simulated annealing was chosen to solve the optimisation function model.
The delta function model is only non-zero at a single point (or pixel for integrated grids).
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