Representative polarization and power curves are presented in Fig. 5, and changes in P max for these MFCs are illustrated in Fig. 6. Figure 5 shows that ADW-MFC and AIW-MFC were properly functioned as fuel cells that produced catalytic currents.
The liquid fraction served as substrate for the production of biogas (methane), whereas the solid fraction functioned as fuel for thermal conversion (combustion), yielding thermal energy, which can be used for heat and power generation.
Hydroxyl telechelic binders are extensively used in composite solid propellant to impart structural integrity to the solid rocket motor and for functioning as a fuel.
Using this method, 71.6 kg distillation residue (17.3% dry matter and 9.7% insoluble solids) was divided into two fractions: 52.7 kg (10.9% dry matter) liquid fraction serving as a substrate for biogas production, and 18.6 kg (35.6% dry matter) of wet solid fraction functioning as a fuel for thermal conversion tests.
The fermentation residue was separated into two fractions; one fraction contained mainly solids functioning as a fuel for thermal conversion and the other was a liquid fraction that contained mainly soluble compounds serving as a substrate for anaerobic fermentation to biogas.
In this way, the Forest Service transformed healthy, diverse forests into vast, overcrowded tree plantations that now function as gigantic fuel reservoirs.
The proton electrolyte membrane is the most vital component in DMFC because it functions as a fuel and oxidant separator, as well as a path for conducting protons; consequently, it can have a substantial effect on the overall system efficiency.
In strongly serotinous species, the old florets are retained on the cones, where they function as fire fuel, helping to ensure that follicles reach temperatures sufficient to trigger seed release.
AMPK is a ubiquitous heterotrimeric serine/threonine protein kinase, which functions as a fuel sensor in many tissues, including skeletal muscle [ 33].
This species is able to degrade oligofructose to free fructose, which can function as a fuel for other members of the gut microbiota, a phenomenon called cross-feeding [ 46].
Heat treatment of a mixture of 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-9,10-anthraquinone, Fe gluconate, and Mg acetate produced a highly porous carbon material functioning as a noble-metal-free fuel cell cathode catalyst with Fe coordinated by N atoms embedded in the pore surface as the active sites.
