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This approach is based on the commonly accepted assumption that orthologs genes derived by speciation are more likely to share a common function, in contrast to paralogs genes derived by gene duplication which are expected to diverge functionally over time [ 1, 2].
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Cell lines kept in culture can functionally evolve over time to no longer represent the original cell line (reviewed in [23]).
In the absence of p21, normal haematopoietic stem cells as well as transformed leukaemic stem cells functionally exhaust over time.
It is thought that homeologues do pair at meiosis in recent autopolyploids, but that most stable polyploid taxa become functionally diploid over time, meaning that gene copies from different ancestral genomes do not recombine [ 47].
Barely a week after it began, Newt Gingrich's campaign is "close to being functionally over," a Republican strategist said.
"People change over time.
Indeed, this analysis revealed that the proportion of duplicate genes with conserved expression profiles decreases with evolutionary distance between species (Fig. 1b), suggesting that young mammalian duplicates are generally functionally conserved, and that new functions evolve over time.
To examine how functional conservation changes over time, we compared proportions of functionally conserved duplicates between pairs of sister species separated by varying evolutionary distances (Fig. 1b).
Tau pathology was initially restricted to EC at 1.5 months post-injection, while gradually extending to functionally connected brain regions over time (Fig. 3bI).
However, such hepatocyte cultures are phenotypically and functionally not very stable over time which impedes their use for long-term toxicity testing (Berthiaume et al. 1996).
Brain areas that show synchronised activity over time are functionally connected.
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