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Hiyama et al. analysed neuromuscular adaptation to functional therapy through the use of needle EMGs [17].
The purpose of functional therapy is to change the functional environment of the dentition to promote normal function [1].
Functional therapy would be useful in correcting the faulty postural activity of the orofacial musculature and the associated skeletal deformity [36 41].
Indeed, during functional therapy, the elevator muscles undergo an elongation that is proportional to the amount of bite raising and mandibular protrusion [34].
This is performed considering the Time Delay Error (TDR) to provide a control action capable of following the designed functional therapy tasks.
These approaches vary depending on the causative factors and involve myotherapy, preventive treatment, functional therapy, orthognathic surgery, and orthodontic treatment using anterior teeth extrusion or posterior teeth intrusion [9].
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The development of functional therapies for corneal repair and regeneration is a pressing issue.
Sander [11] also described different effects of functional therapies between day and night use, whereby wearing an appliance during the day corresponds to neuromuscular programming.
Yet, sensor capabilities and control algorithms used in functional therapies require, in general, frequent updates or re-configurations, making a safety-grade release of such devices hardly sustainable in cost-effectiveness and development time.
Specifically for patients after a traumatic brain injury, chronic diseases as well as in palliative and dementia care, a long term treatment concept should include not only functional therapies but also mind-body interventions like music therapy in order to meet the emotional, social, and communicative needs of a patient and to accompany him or her in their coping process [ 15].
The control group comprised of subjects who required a phase of pre-functional therapy which included sectional fixed orthodontic appliance for the correction of mild crowding and/or rotations.
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