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The decline of organized labor was an essential ingredient in the decline of the Democrats, and until the party finds a way to help labor rebuild, or discovers a functional substitute, it will continue to be out-strategized by the G.O.P.
Surely this is what the social historian Lawrence Stone had in mind when he noted that the remarriage rate in the seventeenth century was similar to that of today, with divorce replacing death as its precondition: Indeed, it looks very much as if modern divorce is little more than a functional substitute for death.
Statistical probability is perhaps the most relevant anticipatory system of modern society, and represents the functional substitute for the ancient virtue of prudence.
Therefore, it is considered as a functional substitute for petroleum-based plastics due to thermoplastic and elastomeric properties of its copolymers (Balaji et al. 2013).
In arterial replacement there is a clear clinical need for a functional substitute possessing appropriate haemocompatible properties to be implanted as small diameter artery.
While the other amelogenin isoforms make a modest contribution to optimal biomechanical design, the enamel made with only one amelogenin isoform served as a functional substitute.
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A European commission spokesperson said it was looking into the extent that people can consider OTT services "to be functional substitutes for services provided by traditional telecoms operators" and whether EU rules need to be adapted to better protect consumers.
These technologies might eventually enable the manufacture of human livers to create functional substitutes for treating liver failure or dysfunctionality.
Cartilage tissue engineering is the creation of functional substitutes of native cartilage by attaching cells with a chondrogenic potential to polymer scaffolds.
Tissue engineering that applies the principles of biology and engineering to develop functional substitutes has potential promise of therapeutic regeneration for musculoskeletal tissues.
The depletion of structural resources, such as hollow-bearing trees, within a landscape, may therefore be limiting to biota where no other functional substitutes exist.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com