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Constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces are critical points for the area functional, subject to an enclosed volume constraint.
This leads to a free boundary problem for the phase interface on the unknown equilibrium surface which minimizes an energy functional subject to volume and area constraints.
In the present contribution, an additional term representing the cost of interfaces at external boundaries is added to the functional subject to minimization.
In this paper, we consider the problem of minimizing a linear functional subject to uncertain linear and bilinear matrix inequalities, which depend in a possibly nonlinear way on a vector of uncertain parameters.
Harmonic maps are critical points of a kinetic energy functional subject to nonlinear constraints and consequently satisfy a nonlinear Laplace equation.
Thus, the 3A1 antibody defines a major functional subject of peripheral blood T cells and should provide a useful marker for the study of human T cell function.
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The latter became non-functional, subject in the course of evolution to gradual elimination from the genome accompanying the loss of function.
We consider a predator prey model with Beddington DeAngelis functional response subject to the homogeneous Neumann boundary condition.
Optimal non-ideal networks are derived from a family of operating lines that are extremals (minimals) for the functional σ subject to the prescribed constraints.
The traditional design approach has been one of deterministic problem-solving, typically involving efforts to meet functional requirements subject to various technical specifications and economic constraints, among others.
In this paper we have studied second-order stochastic neutral partial functional systems subject to infinite delays and impulses.
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