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The function of exosomal miRNAs is a highly controversial area of research, with some studies, such as this manuscript, claiming that miRNAs are not only exported from cells in exosomes, but also taken up by other cells as biologically functional signaling molecules, and others arguing they have no biological function.
For instance, in the case of cancer, it is generally acknowledged that genetic mutations are involved in the onset of the disease, but its manifestation is at the pathway functional signaling level [1], [2].
GM-CSF-induced p-STAT5 signaling in monocytic cells contained was considered as an internal positive control of functional signaling.
A decoy role has been proposed for VEGFR-1, but more recently, functional signaling via VEGFR-1 has been reported (for reviews see [ 43, 67]).
The aim of this study was to explore the interaction between homeostatic and functional signaling in osteoclasts in the presence of excessive amounts of pyruvate.
An alternative TCR complex composed of FcRγ-Syk (replacing ζ-Zap70) has been proposed to account for the altered functional signaling phenotype observed in these cells.
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MAPK cascades are well known multi-functional signaling networks that influence cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and cellular responses to stress.
However, spatial organization of functional signalling domains and the role of auxin signalling in controlling different aspects of cambium activity remained unknown.
Recording of identified neuronal network activity using genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) requires labeling that is cell type-specific and bright enough for the detection of functional signals.
Here we showed that TSCA can successfully separate functional signal components from other signals referred to as noise.
Thus, modeling functional signal changes is non-trivial and exploratory data analysis (EDA) may be rather useful.
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