When music becomes functional, rhythm often defines the function: pacing manual labor, galvanizing dancers, rallying marchers or summoning spirits.
Although this idea makes sense in terms of efficient use of neuronal resources, evolutionary principles, and the observation that individual interneurons are active during multiple forms of activity [1], it remains to be determined whether this framework offers enough robustness for functional rhythm generation.
What they did with their fourth album, Stand!, wasn't rocket science – Sly Stone took the live excitement of the Stax Soul Revue, grafted on James Brown's completely functional, rhythm-as-a pure-state funk, and mixed in the heightened airs of psychedelia (the Family were from San Francisco, after all).
We noted significant daily fluctuations in the expression of several XM genes and investigated whether these data correspond to functional rhythms in enzymatic activity reflective of xenobiotic metabolism.
To determine whether reported XM gene expression rhythms result in functional rhythms, we examined daily profiles of enzyme activity and dose responses to the pesticides propoxur, deltamethrin, fipronil, and malathion.
To examine whether reported expression rhythms in xenobiotic metabolizing genes lead to functional rhythms in enzyme activity, cytochrome P450, esterase, GST, and UGT enzyme activity were assayed (Figure 2).
Monitoring functional status, rhythm, serum biomarkers, and liver changes is essential to long term assessment of 'cardiac' status.
Important features of functional circadian rhythms include, e.g., sustaining at a sufficient oscillation amplitude through out the daily cycle; composing a phase that is properly aligned with the light/dark condition and can be entrained by light; and maintaining in a near 24 h period to reflect the Earth day (Bass and Takahashi, 2010; Welsh et al., 2010).
Our study suggests that functional circadian rhythms support healthy aging in flies.
Further study of the detrimental effects of glucose and insulin intolerance on normal functional peripheral rhythms will be necessary to provide better treatments for type 2 diabetes.
Interestingly, circadian rhythm functional term was significantly enriched with extremely high fold enrichment (98.4) in line A. Circadian rhythms are daily oscillations of multiple biological processes driven by endogenous clocks.
