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In all, our data provide direct evidence that CPEB3 is a functional prion in the mammalian brain and underline the potential importance of an actin/CPEB3 feedback loop for the synaptic plasticity underlying the persistence of long-term memory.
The fusion proteins in which GAF-Q domains were introduced in place of the Sup35p prion domain could support distinct physical and functional prion states that recapitulated the translation termination defect associated with [ PSI + ].
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Invertebrate orthologs of CPEB3 in Aplysia and Drosophila are functional prions that are physiologically active in the aggregated state.
Very recently, it has been described that MAVS forms functional prion-like aggregates after viral infection and that these aggregates are required for the activation of IRF3 in the cytoplasm [ 16].
The above data suggest a functional role of prion protein in synaptic function and vesicular release.
These characteristics allow a logical basis for distinction between functional amyloids/prions and prion diseases.
The presence of a functional PTD in prion protein provides a mechanistic basis underlying infectious PrPSc transport between cells.
Nevertheless, the influence of AChE in full-length PrP conformational changes, and its functional link to prion replication and pathogenesis remain to be determined.
Mapping dynamic changes of expression levels of genes belonging to key network modules into those of PrPSc accumulation is critical in evaluating their relevance to and also predicting their functional roles in prion pathogenesis.
This is important, since tissue spreading is one of the main functional features of prion-like proteins [ 30].
The non-prion, functional part of Sup35p i.e. SupC needed for translation termination has been used with fusions of Q-rich yeast protein regions to detect prion-like behavior [ 29, 31, 34].
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