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In mice with a thinner or no functional mucus layer, as for example germ-free mice, DSS treatment induces an acute and massive bleeding long before any inflammation is observed [20], [25], [26].
The origin of the germ-free mice is more related to the origin of the animals in Room 2, but as they still were able to form a functional mucus barrier upon colonization with flora from animals in Room 1, genetic influences are less likely.
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Using defined in vitro assays, we found that mucin biopolymers, the main functional constituents of mucus, promote the motility of planktonic bacteria and prevent their adhesion to underlying surfaces.
Functional studies on mucus cell differentiation are still lacking, but it has been shown that the expression pattern of pCLCA1, the porcine ortholog to hCLCA1 and to mCLCA3, is virtually identical with that of hCLCA1, supporting the pig as the favored translational model (Plog et al. 2009).
One way of assessing the functional integrity of the mucus layer is by measuring its hydrophobicity, a surface bio-physical property that affects adhesion of macromolecules, bacteria and toxins to the intestinal epithelia [ 9, 10].
We have shown a functional role for the mucus barrier in host protective immunity to T muris infection because in the absence of Muc2, worm expulsion is significantly delayed.
In the present study we assessed surface hydrophobicity of gastrointestinal mucosa as an index of the functional integrity of the mucus layer, a layer that acts as a "closing seal"[ 22] of the intestinal barrier.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is well-suited to monitor functional dynamics of cilia and mucus on the airway epithelium.
Because it is filled with mucus, this tissue remains functional.
To find the functional role of VvpE, we used mucus-secreting human HT29-MTX cells, which form a homogeneous population of polarized goblet cells.
This suggests that the epithelium with its mucus secreting goblet cells is functional and secretes a mucus layer of normal thickness after 24 h DSS administration.
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