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"…carbon information is not generated in a single department; instead, engineers, plant managers, and other functional managers below the level of top management have extended their duties and are engaged in the generation and dissemination of information".
Accountants were not comprehensive information gatekeepers: "…carbon information is not generated in a single department; instead, engineers, plant managers, and other functional managers below the level of top management have extended their duties and are engaged in the generation and dissemination of information".
Through a flexible management process, in which business, country, and functional managers form a triad of different perspectives that balance one another, transnational companies can build three strategic capabilities: global-scale efficiency and competitiveness; national-level responsiveness and flexibility; and cross-market capacity to leverage learning on a worldwide basis.
A team of business managers, typically the general manager and his or her key functional managers, then worked together to produce and present to senior management an evaluation of how much economic profit each option would create over its life.
This pattern is not surprising for functional managers.
Rather, there are three groups of specialists: business managers, country managers, and functional managers.
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Barra has essentially moved from being a functional manager to enterprise manager, skipping the steps of managing a business and group.
Once the freelancer is selected and contracted (no easy task, but that's a discussion for another article), management is left to the individual project or functional manager.
But the third is the functional manager's province.
The functional manager can transform piecemeal information into strategic intelligence.
— Sue Bentlage, functional manager in electronic design automation, I.B.M.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com