With a few exceptions, functional divergence is required for duplicate genes to be stably retained in a genome (Zhang 2003).
KIIs confirmed that markets were relatively functional; with the exception of fuel shortages in some locations, availability of food and non-food items was not mentioned as a concern.
All HEGs were putatively functional, with the exception of that found in Megalactis sp. which had four deletions of between four and 12 bp which destroyed the HEG reading frame (one deletion even removes the HEG start codon).
C++ supports object-oriented programming by providing virtual functions and multibase inheritance and exceptions and facilitates functional and genetic programming, including templates and lambda functions.
Exceptions included functional categories possibly reflecting dehydration/rehydration stress in the guinea pig intestine.
The notion that a gene must be expressed at the highest level in the tissue in which it is functional is plausible but exceptions may exist.
Exceptions to functional autonomy were three older individuals from the control group (B Index) and one from the treatment group (C Index).
The set of CRP paralogs has many distinguishing properties, such as (a) a very similar amino acid sequence to paralogs, (b) a high mRNA expression correlation between paralogs (Spearman's correlation coefficient 0.8, see Methods for details), (c) the whole functional class, with few exceptions, was duplicated at WGD.
On STRING, this was not the case: when additional edges such as co-expression were added in, ordinary DSD (without confidence weights) no longer improved the classical function prediction methods we tested with the exception of functional flow, where there was a large improvement.
In addition, coevolved functional sites with the exception of metal binding sites form less dense and more disjoint (low clustering coefficient with low mean shortest path) networks compared to all coevolved sites.
