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This may be an expression of the same functional difficulties with maintaining continence.
Such information could either be obtained by further analysis of functional difficulties with other measures of participation such as health, employment and education status among people with and without disability from censuses [ 5].
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Half of the adolescents with LTID (n = 465/942) reported to have only chronic conditions, while a third (n = 306/942) reported coexistence of chronic conditions with functional difficulties, chronic conditions with learning difficulties, or chronic conditions with functional difficulties and with learning difficulties.
Similarly, there were 2 (0.6%) subjects at the ceiling for OA-FUNCTION-CAT functional difficulty compared with 10 (3%) for the WOMAC physical function scale.
We found functional difficulties to increase with age, supporting previous studies in the population and in knee patients [ 7- 9, 14, 15].
Understanding factors associated with patient activation in an older population with functional difficulties may inform care in this population.
A Cochrane review of interventions to improve outcomes in patients with multimorbidity in primary care suggested that interventions focusing on functional difficulties experienced by patients with multimorbidity may improve outcomes [ 19].
As shown in Table 3, although both patients with inflammatory arthritis and systemic autoimmune diseases have similar elevated proportion of joint pain (accessed with item 1 and item 2) and morning stiffness (accessed with item 5), patients with systemic autoimmune diseases did not have increased functional difficulty (accessed with item 8).
Amblyopia was expected to be closely associated with functional difficulties, such as weak vision and loss of stereopsis [ 31].
Alternatively, the low number of patients with isolated cleft palate in this and other African studies may reflect a higher mortality rate in this group associated with functional difficulties during feeding in young infants [ 24, 25].
It could be speculated that adult strabismus patients already have adjusted to living with functional difficulties due to amblyopia (for example, compensate the better eye for seeing things) and accepted the low likeliness for vision improvement.
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