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For people, like my husband, who suffer from blepharospasm and related dystonia, the botulinum toxin can make the difference between functional blindness and sight.
Blindness, transient or permanent inability to see any light at all (total blindness) or to retain any useful vision despite attempts at vision enhancement (functional blindness).
You would definitely notice something was up if you walked into a room full of people struggling with the disorder; in their neck and back, like me, or their throats (making their words sound strangled), or even eyelids (potentially causing functional blindness).
Remarkably, turning "blindish" (McWilliam is careful to distinguish her own "functional blindness," in which "my eyes are fine, my vision acute, but my eyelids will not open," from the true sightlessness of the "properly" blind) brought a rush to expression after a 13-year dry spell as a novelist.
Severe visual disability was defined as functional blindness or binocular acuity of < 0.3 after correction of refraction errors.
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the name used to designate a heterogeneous group of inherited progressive retinal dystrophies, characterized by photoreceptor degeneration, which initially affects the rod photoreceptors and the peripheral retina and often leads to legal and eventually functional blindness.
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Symptoms may be specific (e.g., functional night blindness of vitamin A deficiency) or nonspecific (e.g., loss of appetite, failure to grow).
In cases of functional or total blindness, other senses and skills must be emphasized or developed.
Previous neuroimaging studies have focused on functional reorganization following blindness.
Although some previous MRI studies have revealed the brain structural and functional changes in early blindness [36] [42], no one has yet investigated the topological alterations of the brain anatomical network due to early visual deprivation.
Therefore, the neurodegenerative process of glaucoma results in irreversible functional deficits, such as blindness.
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