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On the other hand, previous EMG investigations carried out in non-human primates have indicated that the application of jaw-protruding functional appliances promotes a decrease in the function of these muscles, instead of an increase [37].
It would be after midcentury before functional appliances were reintroduced into American orthodontics.
Cast functional appliances were fabricated for the animals in the experimental group.
SMF and functional appliances may well have a synergistic effect in mandibular growth promotion.
The skeletal influence of functional appliances on craniofacial growth is still controversial.
Therefore, new approaches are in need to strengthen the effects of functional appliances.
Mandibular Changes Produced by Functional Appliances in Class II Malocclusion: A Systematic Review.
Correcting Class II malocclusion with Class II elastics or functional appliances requires great patient collaboration.
A variety of functional appliances have been used to stimulate mandibular growth in adolescence, however, the effects remain unsatisfactory.
The bionator is one of the most commonly used functional appliances in treating Angle Class II division 1 malocclusions.
The efficacy of functional appliances and changes produced by their application are still the subject of controversy.
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