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Subjects treated with only removable twin block functional appliance .
Results: In the functional appliance group, the mandible continued to grow in a favorable direction even after discontinuation of the functional appliance.
The average treatment time of twin block functional appliance therapy was 11 months.
The effect of functional appliance therapy on PPWT has never been investigated.
The only exception to this was the fixed functional appliance designed by Herbst.
The history of the functional appliance can be traced back to 1879, when Norman Kingsley introduced the "bite-jumping" appliance.
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On the other hand, previous EMG investigations carried out in non-human primates have indicated that the application of jaw-protruding functional appliances promotes a decrease in the function of these muscles, instead of an increase [37].
Similar benefits are also produced by various functional appliances [7]-[14].
Patient adaptation may vary regarding different functional appliances [9].
Fixed or removable functional appliances were not used.
One of the very earlier available functional appliances is the functional regulator (FR -2 [6].
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