f(t) is the distance decay function of travel time.
A disutility function of travel time is defined to evaluate the paths, and those with the minimum expected disutility are defined as the optimal paths.
Dwell times are computed as a function of travel demand flows evaluated by simulating explicitly user behaviour on the platform when a train arrives.
The role of the basic function of travel on modal choices and the likelihood of a modal shift was most notably highlighted by Diana [14].
This study combined the mobile immobile model (MIM) with an asymptotic dispersivity function of travel distance to embrace the concept of scale-dependent dispersion during solute transport in finite heterogeneous porous media.
This relationship may be caused by the use of mesic habitat by predators (Stephens et al. 2005; Walker et al. 2007), many of which function as travel corridors, edge habitat, or ambush sites for terrestrial predators (Winter et al. 2000).
Parameters a and b were optimized by employing Eq. (3) for generating a synthetic population of commuters such that the resulting probability density function of travel distances matches that obtained by using the gravity model of Eq. (1).
Then we locate students and workers in the different places in such a way that the probability density function of travel distances complies with available commuting data for Italy.
Figure 1d shows the resulting probability density function of travel distances, compared with that obtained by using a model depending only on the distance, namely Eq. (2), used for modelling the transmission in the general population.
