The general process has been known by many names: "co-option," "adoption from a different function," "recruitment" (mostly in reference to genes), or, in an outmoded term a little too suggestive of teleology, "preadaptation" (e.g., Gould and Vrba 1982; Arnold 1994; Thornhill and Ussery 2000; McLennan 2008).
Interestingly, both CASC5/iso:2/Phos:1 and its closest budding yeast relative, SPC105/Phos:1 (red nodes in Figure 4A and B), are phosphorylated by the same kinase, MPS1, and the phosphorylated forms perform the same function: recruitment of BUB1 and BUB3 to the kinetochore, an essential early step in the checkpoint response (39, 40).
Remarkably, the most upregulated chemokines have similar functions: recruitment of professional phagocytic cells (CXCL1, CXCL2, and IL-8), particularly neutrophils.
Here we demonstrate that Kar5p has at least three functions: recruitment of Prm3p to the SPB, coupling of the ONM and INMs, and a third function, acting after ONM fusion, that is required for INM fusion.
Next, we used a well established in vivo model of chitin-induced functional polarization of M2 macrophages, where an important M2 function is recruitment of eosinophils to the sites of inflammation (Satoh et al., 2010; Reese et al., 2007).
Therapeutic strategies directed at TAMs fall into four categories: reduction of effector function, limiting recruitment, prevention of pro-tumor polarization, and macrophage reprogramming [32],[33]; the benefits and drawbacks of which are outlined in Table 1[33]-[42].
A conserved function involves recruitment of FFAT motif containing proteins to the ER [6], [8].
With the FMR1 gene mapping to Xq27.3 [45], it appears to occupy the cross roads between ovarian function (ovarian recruitment and ovarian reserve) and autoimmunity [43], [44], [46].
Despite the identification of a number of neurexin partners, the mechanisms by which neurexin function and recruitment at synapses is regulated are not completely known.
With regard to the other means by which histone PTMs can function, the recruitment of non-histone proteins is facilitated by the ability of specialized domains to recognize and bind to defined marks [12].
In addition, it has been shown to interact with mammalian SR splicing factors (ASF/SF2 and SC35) and it is suggested that SR proteins function in recruitment of U1 snRNP to 5' splice sites by this interaction [16] [18].
