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A 'volcano plot' illustrating differential expression (red symbols) as a function of fold change and p-value is shown in Figure 1D. Figure 1E illustrates the frequency distribution of p-values for this dataset, which manifests a peak frequency in the range of 0≤p≤0.05.
Experimental data is presented as a function of fold change from background fluorescence, so it cannot be compared directly with model data (presented in nanomolar).
We extended this analysis to an all gene pair-wise comparison of relative expression levels as a function of fold change (FC).
Thus, deregulated transcripts at 1 4 fold change values in at least one time point were separately subjected to GO Biological Process (BP) enrichment analysis (minimum GO level of 3, minimum number of genes of 5) and the number of GO terms were plotted as a function of fold change in expression.
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(B ) Population-averaged CW bias as a function of fold changes in mean expression level of all pathway proteins following ref. 7. Red: data from ref. 7. Black: model.
Figure 1 plots the power as a function of fold-change for these two contrasts under both design options.
Genes are categorised by function and listed in descending order of fold change in each category.
The dCHIP t-test function was used to identify genes whose expression differed significantly (p<0.05) and these genes were then filtered to select for those that showed a twofold or greater change and a 90% confidence bound of fold change.
Gene symbol, fold change, direction of fold change, and presence of CRE sites (CRE) are indicated.
For example, one study estimated that to achieve 50% overlap in prognostic gene sets for breast cancer patients would require several thousand samples (Ein-Dor et al. 2006), and other work created a general tool to calculate the number of samples needed to train a classifier as a function of normalized fold change, class prevalence, and the number of genes on an array (Dobbin et al. 2008).
Paired t-tests comparing each treatment group with the vehicle-treated groups were performed and the results displayed as Volcano plot (Supplementary Fig. S2) depicting the significance as a function of the fold change.
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