However, their generated demand elasticities may be unstable inasmuch as they are functions of expenditure shares, which are innate stochastic variables in these models.
Based on the main function of health expenditure in OECD Health Statistics, public health expenditures are composed of expenditures on inpatient care, outpatient care, long-term care, pharmaceuticals, prevention/public health, and administration.
This type of model is a system of equations that considers the allocation of total available budget into the expenditure for different foods (or other goods) as a function of total expenditure and prices.
Probability of detection (p cdot )) is assumed to be a continuously differentiable increasing function of enforcement expenditure c, i.e. (p'>0).
The natural logarithm of the unit value is a function of household expenditure (x) and household characteristics (Z) and price as before.
"They were trying to explain election outcomes as a function of campaign expenditures," he recalls, "completely ignoring the fact that contributors will only give money to challengers when they have a realistic chance of winning, and incumbents only spend a lot when they have a chance of losing.
Hou (2007) considered an EPQ model with imperfect production processes, in which the setup cost and process quality are functions of capital expenditure.
Hou (2007) presented an EPQ model with imperfect production processes, in which the setup cost and process quality are functions of capital expenditure.
Current attempts to develop a system of national health accounts use budget allocations rather than expenditures and have so far not adopted a standardized functional classification of expenditures by function that would allow comparison across studies and with other countries.
Therefore, the function of consumers' real expenditure can be expressed as e p, x, j, δ, ζ).
We can also define the energy cost of physical activity as a function of basal energy expenditure.
