However, the parallel pathway through CII may function as compensatory, as suggested by the tendency to increased CII + CIII activity seen in both proband's muscle and mutant cybrids, and unaffected CII-substrate driven ATP synthesis in mutant cybrids.
In the proposed model, the parallel pathways from input to output are preserved as possible, and the pathway which has emitted the wrong output is inhibited by the previously fired pathway.
Alternatively, MUL1 could function in a parallel pathway to PINK1/Parkin, but with action on a common target such as Mfn.
The synthetic lethal screen is generally employed to identify genes encoding proteins that function in a parallel pathway or with overlapping functions within an essential pathway.
However, simple logic indicates that this is highly unlikely and instead these function in a parallel pathway.
These results strongly suggest that NF-Y and TBX-2 do not function in independent parallel pathways to repress the tbx-2 promoter.
This also raises the question of whether H3K9me3 is dependent on VIVD VVDD) or functions in a parallel pathway.
In a conventional genetic analysis, genes that function in parallel pathways with the same functional output generally demonstrate additive interactions.
Collectively these data suggest that DIM-5 and RAS-1 function in parallel pathways and mediate the amplitude of clock controlled gene (ccg) expression as determined by elevated circadian output.
Their essential nature strengthens the likelihood of their belonging to the within-pathway model rather than to the between-pathway one (they function in parallel pathways).
Alternatively, though not mutually exclusive, is the possibility that Elmo and Spg function in parallel pathways and our observed phenotypes are a result of these additive effects.
